Chapter 6 "The Sound Track"

1. Of the various microphones, which types are most frequently used to cover news events? Compare the strengths and weaknesses of each type.

• Dynamic Microphones produce high fidelity sound at reasonable cost and are among the most rugged units of all.
• Ribbon Microphones can be warm sounding and are commonly encountered in announce booths and radio stations.
• Condensed microphone requires power. The diaphragm acts as one of the two plates of a capacitors in an electronic circuit.

4. Discuss the typical uses of handheld, lavaliere, and shotgun microphones in news applications.

• The handheld lavaliere is small and clips to the speaker's clothes or can be taped to the speaker's chest and are easily hidden. 
• Shotgun microphones pick up sounds from narrow areas in front of the microphone. The name of this microphone comes from it's resemblance of a miniature shotgun barrel.

6. When you work with news subjects, what considerations are most important to remember in concealing the miniature microphone beneath their clothing or in other personal effects?
Firstly, that concealing the microphone is a form of art in itself. Also that by doing so, be sure to have a good legitimate reason.

7. Overall, what are the most important considerations to follow if you are to achieve good quality sound in the field?
Be able to listen for sound and know the difference between what's acceptable and what isn't. BE able to identify any hiss, buzz, booms, or too low sounds.

8. Explain why it is essential for the photojournalist or soundperson to constantly monitor sound in the field with earphones.
To avoid distortion. If you don't monitor sound you won't know whether or not the sound is really good enough for broadcasting.

9. Discuss the full range of techniques you can use to reduce wind noise in the field. 

• Acoustic foam and Windscreens, both allow breath to pass through easily. 
• Zeppelin or blimp- these work in higher winds and create large pockets of still air in the microphone.
• High pass or low cut filter can be installed in the microphone line to diminish wind, air conditioning, and other low frequency noises.

13. Explain the role of nat sound n helping lend a sense of realism to television news stories.
Nat sound can be used as a story telling tool that all sound other than speech occurs naturally in our environments.

Chapter 5 Discussion Questions

2. What is color temperature and how does it affect the television picture?
Color temperature measures how much red to blue lighting the light source radiates. The color temperature affects television pictures because Tungsten Halogen lights are most commonly used in TV lighting to keep the constant color temperature of 3000k that is needed.

6. Describe the differing roles of the key light and the fill light.
Although Key Light and Fill Light function together the differing roles of key light is to provide distinctive highlights and shadows in the scene, while fill light illumination is half as intense.

7. Describe the basic lighting patterns commonly used in television news photography.
Basic lighting patterns include flat lighting and bounce lighting.

11. What minimum lighting equipment should the photojournalist have available for field assignments?
Minimum lighting equipment during a photojournalists shoot can include Umbrella lighting is a quick way to convert single light into a viable soft light source. Shadows appear soft and naturally smooth.

13. Explain how to light a news conference.
While lighting a news conference room key light, fill light, and a backlight must be available. If one has to work with only two lights shoot at the lowest level of illumination. It is essential to filter the lights to make the color temperature of the existing light source.

15. What safety precautions should you observe when you work with lights?
Safety precautions that should be used when working with lights include blocking the light when it is first turned in them slowly lowering your hand from the light to permit gradual. You should never touch the quartz bulbs doing so could result in serious burns, allow the bulbs to cool before packing them. Bounce lighting creates a more natural light.